TITANIUM (Ti) is added for carbide stabilization especially when the material is to be welded. It combines with carbon to form titanium carbides, which are quite stable and hard to dissolve in steel, which tends to minimize the occurrence of inter-granular corrosion. Adding approximately 0.25/0.60% titanium causes the carbon to combine with titanium in preference to chromium, preventing a tie-up of corrosion-resisting chromium as inter-granular carbides and the accompanying loss of corrosion resistance at the grain boundaries. However, the us of titanium has gradually decreased over recent year due to the ability of steelmakers to deliver stainless steels with very low carbon contents that are readily weldable without stabilization.
In cast iron if introduce titanium 0.05-0.25% will promote fine till medium graphite grain size. If introduce more than 0.25% will create the high stability Titanium Carbide and will not be brittle during heat treatment, thus the cast iron that need heat treatment should not have Ti over than 0.25%, if add Titanium at low level will help to form the primary graphite.
Titanium will be detrimental to forming spheroid graphite, the percentage should not be over than 0.04%. Titanium will raise the eutectic temperature but will decrease the carbon content at eutectic point.
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